Based Plot: Bar Plot

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Summary of R Commands Used

1. barplot(): Creates bar plots (vertical, horizontal, grouped, stacked).

NoteMain arguments:

• height → numeric values (vector or matrix)

• names.arg → labels for categories

• col → bar colors (single color or vector of colors)

• main → plot title

• xlab, ylab → axis labels

• horiz = TRUE → horizontal bars

• beside = TRUE → grouped bar plot (side by side)

• legend.text → adds a legend (when input is a matrix)

• args.legend → position and formatting of legend

• ylim / xlim → axis limits

• border → bar border color

2. table()

• Creates a frequency table (counts).

• Works with vectors, factors, or data frames.

• Can be combined with t() (transpose) to flip rows and columns.

3. t()

• Transposes a table or matrix.

• Used with table() before plotting → changes grouping orientation.

4. sort()

• Orders numeric or factor levels before plotting.

• Example: table(faculty) |> sort()

5. Pipe Operator (|>)

• Passes results from one function to the next.

• Example:

  faculty |> table() |> barplot()

6. box()

• Adds a box (frame) around an existing plot.

• Argument col changes the box color.

7. pie(): Creates pie charts.

NoteMain arguments:

• x → numeric vector of values

• labels → category names for slices

• col → colors of slices

• main → title